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Time-dependent regulation of respiration is widespread across plant evolution.
Qin H;Sun M;Guo W;He Y;Yao Y;Resco de Dios V
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9309004 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-3040 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01407791 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Plant Cell Environ Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Establishing the temperature dependence of respiration is critical for accurate predic... more
Time-dependent regulation of respiration is widespread across plant evolution.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9309004 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-3040 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01407791 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Plant Cell Environ Subsets: MEDLINE
Establishing the temperature dependence of respiration is critical for accurate predictions of the global carbon cycle under climate change. Diurnal temperature fluctuations, or changes in substrate availability, lead to variations in leaf respiration. Additionally, recent studies hint that the thermal sensitivity of respiration could be time-dependent. However, the role for endogenous processes, independent from substrate availability, as drivers of temporal changes in the sensitivity of respiration to temperature across phylogenies has not yet been addressed. Here, we examined the diurnal variation in the response of respiration to temperatures (R-T relationship) for different lycophyte, fern, gymnosperm and angiosperm species. We tested whether time-dependent changes in the R-T relationship would impact leaf level respiration modelling. We hypothesized that interactions between endogenous processes, like the circadian clock, and leaf respiration would be independent from changes in substrate availability. Overall, we observed a time-dependent sensitivity in the R-T relationship across phylogenies, independent of temperature, that affected modelling parameters. These results are compatible with circadian gating of respiration, but further studies should analyse the possible involvement of the clock. Our results indicate time-dependent regulation of respiration might be widespread across phylogenies, and that endogenous regulation of respiration is likely affecting leaf-level respiration fluxes.
(© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

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Plants - Temperature - Respiration - Plant Leaves physiology - Cell Respiration physiology - Acclimatization physiology

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Higher plant cell respiration / edited by R. Douce and D.A. Day ; contributors, T. ap Rees ... [and others].
Book | 1985
Available at Available Merrill-Cazier Books (3rd Floor North) (Call number: QK 711.2 .E5 V. 18)
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LGR5+ Intestinal Stem Cells Display Sex-Dependent Radiosensitivity.
Zitter RC;Chugh RM;Bhanja P;Kimler BF;Saha S
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101600052 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2073-4409 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20734409 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cells Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Tissue radiosensitivity plays a critical role in the overall outcome of radiation ther... more
LGR5+ Intestinal Stem Cells Display Sex-Dependent Radiosensitivity.
Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101600052 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2073-4409 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20734409 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cells Subsets: MEDLINE
Tissue radiosensitivity plays a critical role in the overall outcome of radiation therapy. Identifying characteristics that predict how a patient may respond to radiotherapy enables clinicians to maximize the therapeutic window. Limited clinical data have suggested a difference in male and female radiotherapy outcomes. Radiotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancy is still a challenge due to intestinal sensitivity to radiation toxicity. In this manuscript, we demonstrated sex-specific differences in intestinal epithelial radiosensitivity. In a mouse model of abdominal irradiation, we observed a significant increase in oxidative stress and injury in males compared to females. Lgr5+ve intestinal stem cells from male mice showed higher sensitivity to radiation-induced toxicity. However, sex-specific differences in intestinal radiosensitivity were not dependent on sex hormones, as we demonstrated similar sex-specific radiosensitivity differences in pre-pubescent mice. In an ex vivo study, we found that patient-derived intestinal organoid (PID) from males showed higher sensitivity to radiation compared to females as evident from loss of budding crypts, organoid size, and membrane integrity. Transcriptomic analysis of human Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells suggested radiation-induced upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in males compared to females, a possible mechanism for radiosensitivity differences.

Subject terms:

Humans - Animals - Female - Male - Mice - Cell Division - Disease Models, Animal - Radiation Tolerance - Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - Stem Cells - Cell Respiration - Radiation Injuries

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The history of cell respiration and cytochrome. Prepared for publication by Joan Keilin.
Keilin, David, 1887-1963.
Book | 1966
Available at Available Merrill-Cazier Books (3rd Floor North) (Call number: QP121 .K28 1966)
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Estimating leaf day respiration from conventional gas exchange measurements.
Yin X;Amthor JS
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Wiley on behalf of New Phytologist Trust Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9882884 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-8137 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0028646X NLM ISO Abbreviation: New Phytol Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Leaf day respiration (R d ) strongly influences carbon-use effi... more
Estimating leaf day respiration from conventional gas exchange measurements.
Publisher: Wiley on behalf of New Phytologist Trust Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9882884 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-8137 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0028646X NLM ISO Abbreviation: New Phytol Subsets: MEDLINE
Leaf day respiration (R d ) strongly influences carbon-use efficiencies of whole plants and the global terrestrial biosphere. It has long been thought that R d is slower than respiration in the dark at a given temperature, but measuring R d by gas exchange remains a challenge because leaves in the light are also photosynthesizing. The Kok method and the Laisk method are widely used to estimate R d . We highlight theoretical limitations of these popular methods, and recent progress toward their improvement by using additional information from chlorophyll fluorescence and by accounting for the photosynthetic reassimilation of respired CO 2 . The latest evidence for daytime CO 2 and energy release from the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in chloroplasts appears to be important to understanding R d .
(© 2023 The Authors New Phytologist © 2023 New Phytologist Foundation.)

Subject terms:

Photosynthesis - Plant Leaves metabolism - Respiration - Cell Respiration - Carbon Dioxide metabolism

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Explore the similarities and differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration / [Laura Chaveriat, narrator] ; [Kurt Heintz, director].
Streaming video | 2019
Available at Available Online Academic Video Online (USU and USU Eastern) (Call number: Streaming Video)
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Inferring mitochondrial and cytosolic metabolism by coupling isotope tracing and deconvolution.
Stern A;Fokra M;Sarvin B;Alrahem AA;Lee WD;Aizenshtein E;Sarvin N;Shlomi T
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
The inability to inspect metabolic activities within distinct subcellular compartments... more
Inferring mitochondrial and cytosolic metabolism by coupling isotope tracing and deconvolution.
Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE
The inability to inspect metabolic activities within distinct subcellular compartments has been a major barrier to our understanding of eukaryotic cell metabolism. Previous work addressed this challenge by analyzing metabolism in isolated organelles, which grossly bias metabolic activity. Here, we describe a method for inferring physiological metabolic fluxes and metabolite concentrations in mitochondria and cytosol based on isotope tracing experiments performed with intact cells. This is made possible by computational deconvolution of metabolite isotopic labeling patterns and concentrations into cytosolic and mitochondrial counterparts, coupled with metabolic and thermodynamic modelling. Our approach lowers the uncertainty regarding compartmentalized fluxes and concentrations by one and three orders of magnitude compared to existing modelling approaches, respectively. We derive a quantitative view of mitochondrial and cytosolic metabolic activities in central carbon metabolism across cultured cell lines without performing cell fractionation, finding major variability in compartmentalized malate-aspartate shuttle fluxes. We expect our approach for inferring metabolism at a subcellular resolution to be instrumental for a variety of studies of metabolic dysfunction in human disease and for bioengineering.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

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Humans - Cytosol metabolism - Cell Line - Isotopes metabolism - Isotope Labeling - Mitochondria metabolism - Cell Respiration

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Crash course biology. 7, ATP & respiration / director, Hank Green.
Streaming video | 2012
Available at Available Online Academic Video Online (USU and USU Eastern) (Call number: Streaming Video)
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A whole blood approach improves speed and accuracy when measuring mitochondrial respiration in intact avian blood cells.
Nord A;Chamkha I;Elmér E
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8804484 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1530-6860 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08926638 NLM ISO Abbreviation: FASEB J Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Understanding mitochondrial biology and pathology is key to understanding the evolutio... more
A whole blood approach improves speed and accuracy when measuring mitochondrial respiration in intact avian blood cells.
Publisher: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8804484 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1530-6860 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08926638 NLM ISO Abbreviation: FASEB J Subsets: MEDLINE
Understanding mitochondrial biology and pathology is key to understanding the evolution of animal form and function. However, mitochondrial measurement often involves invasive, or even terminal, sampling, which can be difficult to reconcile in wild models or longitudinal studies. Non-mammal vertebrates contain mitochondria in their red blood cells, which can be exploited for minimally invasive mitochondrial measurement. Several recent bird studies have measured mitochondrial function using isolated blood cells. Isolation adds time in the laboratory and might be associated with physiological complications. We developed and validated a protocol to measure mitochondrial respiration in bird whole blood. Endogenous respiration was comparable between isolated blood cells and whole blood. However, respiration towards oxidative phosphorylation was higher in whole blood, and whole blood mitochondria were better coupled and had higher maximum working capacity. Whole blood measurement was also more reproducible than measurement on isolated cells for all traits considered. Measurements were feasible over a 10-fold range of sample volumes, although both small and large volumes were associated with changes to respiratory traits. The protocol was compatible with long-term storage: after 24 h at 5°C without agitation, all respiration traits but maximum working capacity remained unchanged, the latter decreasing by 14%. Our study suggests that whole blood measurement provides faster, more reproducible, and more biologically and physiologically relevant (mitochondrial integrity) assessment of mitochondrial respiration. We recommend future studies to take a whole blood approach unless specific circumstances require the use of isolated blood cells.
(© 2023 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.)

Subject terms:

Animals - Respiration - Birds - Blood Cells - Mitochondria metabolism - Cell Respiration

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A hybrid transistor with transcriptionally controlled computation and plasticity.
Gao Y;Zhou Y;Ji X;Graham AJ;Dundas CM;Miniel Mahfoud IE;Tibbett BM;Tan B;Pa...
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are ideal devices for translating biologic... more
A hybrid transistor with transcriptionally controlled computation and plasticity.
Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are ideal devices for translating biological signals into electrical readouts and have applications in bioelectronics, biosensing, and neuromorphic computing. Despite their potential, developing programmable and modular methods for living systems to interface with OECTs has proven challenging. Here we describe hybrid OECTs containing the model electroactive bacterium Shewanella oneidensis that enable the transduction of biological computations to electrical responses. Specifically, we fabricated planar p-type OECTs and demonstrated that channel de-doping is driven by extracellular electron transfer (EET) from S. oneidensis. Leveraging this mechanistic understanding and our ability to control EET flux via transcriptional regulation, we used plasmid-based Boolean logic gates to translate biological computation into current changes within the OECT. Finally, we demonstrated EET-driven changes to OECT synaptic plasticity. This work enables fundamental EET studies and OECT-based biosensing and biocomputing systems with genetically controllable and modular design elements.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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Electron Transport - Cell Respiration - Electricity

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Differential nighttime decreases in leaf respiratory CO 2 -efflux and O 2 -uptake.
Bruhn D;Noguchi K;Griffin KL;Tjoelker MG
Editorial & Opinion Editorial & Opinion | Publisher: Wiley on behalf of New Phytologist Trust Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9882884 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-8137 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0028646X NLM ISO Abbreviation: New Phytol Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Differential nighttime decreases in leaf respiratory CO 2 -efflux and O 2 -uptake.
Publisher: Wiley on behalf of New Phytologist Trust Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9882884 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-8137 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0028646X NLM ISO Abbreviation: New Phytol Subsets: MEDLINE

Subject terms:

Plant Leaves - Carbon Dioxide - Cell Respiration

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Cellular respiration [videorecording] : energy for life / author & producer, Peter Cochran ; produced for HRM Video by Cochran Communications.
VHS | 1995
Available at Available Merrill-Cazier BARN, Books, Circulation Desk (1st Floor) (Call number: AA3646)
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Weak acids produced during anaerobic respiration suppress both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.
Pang X;Nawrocki WJ;Cardol P;Zheng M;Jiang J;Fang Y;Yang W;Croce R;Tian L
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
While photosynthesis transforms sunlight energy into sugar, aerobic and anaerobic resp... more
Weak acids produced during anaerobic respiration suppress both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.
Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE
While photosynthesis transforms sunlight energy into sugar, aerobic and anaerobic respiration (fermentation) catabolizes sugars to fuel cellular activities. These processes take place within one cell across several compartments, however it remains largely unexplored how they interact with one another. Here we report that the weak acids produced during fermentation down-regulate both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. This effect is mechanistically explained with an "ion trapping" model, in which the lipid bilayer selectively traps protons that effectively acidify subcellular compartments with smaller buffer capacities - such as the thylakoid lumen. Physiologically, we propose that under certain conditions, e.g., dim light at dawn, tuning down the photosynthetic light reaction could mitigate the pressure on its electron transport chains, while suppression of respiration could accelerate the net oxygen evolution, thus speeding up the recovery from hypoxia. Since we show that this effect is conserved across photosynthetic phyla, these results indicate that fermentation metabolites exert widespread feedback control over photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. This likely allows algae to better cope with changing environmental conditions.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

Subject terms:

Anaerobiosis - Fermentation - Respiration - Cell Respiration - Photosynthesis

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The oxygen breakthrough : 30 days to an illness-free life / Sheldon Saul Hendler.
Hendler, Sheldon Saul.
Book | 1989
Available at Available Merrill-Cazier Books (3rd Floor North) (Call number: RB150 .F37H46 1989)
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Breath of green life: Reduction in plant day and night respiration under elevated CO2.
Burgess AJ
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: American Society of Plant Biologists Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401224 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2548 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00320889 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Plant Physiol Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. None declared. more
Breath of green life: Reduction in plant day and night respiration under elevated CO2.
Publisher: American Society of Plant Biologists Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401224 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2548 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00320889 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Plant Physiol Subsets: MEDLINE
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. None declared.

Subject terms:

Plants - Respiration - Carbon Dioxide - Cell Respiration

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The Respiratory burst and its physiological significance / edited by Anthony J. Sbarra and Robert R. Strauss.
Book | 1988
Available at Available Merrill-Cazier Books (3rd Floor North) (Call number: QR 185.8 .P45 R47 1988)
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Protocol for measuring respiratory function of mitochondria in frozen colon tissue from rats.
Mu C;Shearer J
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Cell Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101769501 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2666-1667 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 26661667 NLM ISO Abbreviation: STAR Protoc Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Mitochondrial respirometry allows for the comprehensive study of oxygen consumption wi... more
Protocol for measuring respiratory function of mitochondria in frozen colon tissue from rats.
Publisher: Cell Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101769501 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2666-1667 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 26661667 NLM ISO Abbreviation: STAR Protoc Subsets: MEDLINE
Mitochondrial respirometry allows for the comprehensive study of oxygen consumption within the electron transport system in tissues. However, limited techniques exist for analyzing frozen or biobanked intestinal tissues. Here, we present a protocol to evaluate the respiratory function of mitochondria in colonic tissues after cryopreservation at -80°C. We describe steps for rat dissection, respirometry calibration, and tissue preparation. We then detail measurement of oxygen respiration and protein concentration. This protocol facilitates the retrospective analysis of mitochondrial respiration in frozen tissue.
Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests.
(Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Subject terms:

Rats - Animals - Retrospective Studies - Cell Respiration - Colon metabolism - Mitochondria metabolism - Respiration

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Reduced global plant respiration due to the acclimation of leaf dark respiration coupled with photosynthesis.
Ren Y;Wang H;Harrison SP;Prentice IC;Atkin OK;Smith NG;Mengoli G;Stefanski ...
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Wiley on behalf of New Phytologist Trust Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9882884 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-8137 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0028646X NLM ISO Abbreviation: New Phytol Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Leaf dark respiration (R d ) acclimates to environmental change... more
Reduced global plant respiration due to the acclimation of leaf dark respiration coupled with photosynthesis.
Publisher: Wiley on behalf of New Phytologist Trust Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9882884 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-8137 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0028646X NLM ISO Abbreviation: New Phytol Subsets: MEDLINE
Leaf dark respiration (R d ) acclimates to environmental changes. However, the magnitude, controls and time scales of acclimation remain unclear and are inconsistently treated in ecosystem models. We hypothesized that R d and Rubisco carboxylation capacity (V cmax ) at 25°C (R d,25 , V cmax,25 ) are coordinated so that R d,25 variations support V cmax,25 at a level allowing full light use, with V cmax,25 reflecting daytime conditions (for photosynthesis), and R d,25 /V cmax,25 reflecting night-time conditions (for starch degradation and sucrose export). We tested this hypothesis temporally using a 5-yr warming experiment, and spatially using an extensive field-measurement data set. We compared the results to three published alternatives: R d,25 declines linearly with daily average prior temperature; R d at average prior night temperatures tends towards a constant value; and R d,25 /V cmax,25 is constant. Our hypothesis accounted for more variation in observed R d,25 over time (R 2  = 0.74) and space (R 2  = 0.68) than the alternatives. Night-time temperature dominated the seasonal time-course of R d , with an apparent response time scale of c. 2 wk. V cmax dominated the spatial patterns. Our acclimation hypothesis results in a smaller increase in global R d in response to rising CO 2 and warming than is projected by the two of three alternative hypotheses, and by current models.
(© 2023 The Authors New Phytologist © 2023 New Phytologist Foundation.)

Subject terms:

Acclimatization physiology - Carbon Dioxide metabolism - Plants metabolism - Temperature - Plant Physiological Phenomena - Ecosystem - Photosynthesis physiology - Plant Leaves physiology - Cell Respiration

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Mitochondrial temperature homeostasis resists external metabolic stresses.
Terzioglu M;Veeroja K;Montonen T;Ihalainen TO;Salminen TS;Bénit P;Rustin P;...
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101579614 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2050-084X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2050084X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Elife Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Based on studies with a fluorescent reporter dye, Mito Thermo Yellow (MTY), and the ge... more
Mitochondrial temperature homeostasis resists external metabolic stresses.
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101579614 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2050-084X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2050084X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Elife Subsets: MEDLINE
Based on studies with a fluorescent reporter dye, Mito Thermo Yellow (MTY), and the genetically encoded gTEMP ratiometric fluorescent temperature indicator targeted to mitochondria, the temperature of active mitochondria in four mammalian and one insect cell line was estimated to be up to 15°C above that of the external environment to which the cells were exposed. High mitochondrial temperature was maintained in the face of a variety of metabolic stresses, including substrate starvation or modification, decreased ATP demand due to inhibition of cytosolic protein synthesis, inhibition of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transporter and, if an auxiliary pathway for electron transfer was available via the alternative oxidase, even respiratory poisons acting downstream of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I. We propose that the high temperature of active mitochondria is an inescapable consequence of the biochemistry of OXPHOS and is homeostatically maintained as a primary feature of mitochondrial metabolism.
Competing Interests: MT, KV, TM, TI, TS, PB, PR, YC, TN, HJ No competing interests declared
(© 2023, Terzioglu et al.)

Subject terms:

Animals - Temperature - Oxidative Phosphorylation - Body Temperature Regulation - Stress, Physiological - Mammals - Mitochondria metabolism - Cell Respiration

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High-Resolution Respirometry for Mitochondrial Function in Rodent Brain.
Datta A;Sarmah D;Ghosh B;Rana N;Borah A;Bhattacharya P
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9214969 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1940-6029 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10643745 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Methods Mol Biol Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
High-resolution mitochondrial respirometry is a modern technique that enables to measu... more
High-Resolution Respirometry for Mitochondrial Function in Rodent Brain.
Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9214969 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1940-6029 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10643745 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Methods Mol Biol Subsets: MEDLINE
High-resolution mitochondrial respirometry is a modern technique that enables to measure mitochondrial respiration in various cell types. It contains chambers with oxygen sensors that measure oxygen concentration via polarography and calculate its consumption. The chamber contains plastic stoppers with injection ports that allow the injection of samples and different substrates, inhibitors, and uncoupler substances to measure mitochondrial respiration with high efficiency. These substances act on the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and help to assess the mitochondrial ATP production capacity and oxidative phosphorylation. The respirograph obtained with the help of software represents the oxygen consumption in each stage after adding different reagents.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

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Animals - Mitochondria metabolism - Oxidative Phosphorylation - Oxygen Consumption - Brain metabolism - Oxygen metabolism - Cell Respiration - Rodentia

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The diversity of substrates for plant respiration and how to optimize their use.
Le XH;Millar AH
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: American Society of Plant Biologists Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401224 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2548 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00320889 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Plant Physiol Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Plant respiration is a foundational biological process with the potential to be optimi... more
The diversity of substrates for plant respiration and how to optimize their use.
Publisher: American Society of Plant Biologists Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401224 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2548 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00320889 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Plant Physiol Subsets: MEDLINE
Plant respiration is a foundational biological process with the potential to be optimized to improve crop yield. To understand and manipulate the outputs of respiration, the inputs of respiration-respiratory substrates-need to be probed in detail. Mitochondria house substrate catabolic pathways and respiratory machinery, so transport into and out of these organelles plays an important role in committing substrates to respiration. The large number of mitochondrial carriers and catabolic pathways that remain unidentified hinder this process and lead to confusion about the identity of direct and indirect respiratory substrates in plants. The sources and usage of respiratory substrates vary and are increasing found to be highly regulated based on cellular processes and environmental factors. This review covers the use of direct respiratory substrates following transport through mitochondrial carriers and catabolism under normal and stressed conditions. We suggest the introduction of enzymes not currently found in plant mitochondria to enable serine and acetate to be direct respiratory substrates in plants. We also compare respiratory substrates by assessing energetic yields, availability in cells, and their full or partial oxidation during cell catabolism. This information can assist in decisions to use synthetic biology approaches to alter the range of respiratory substrates in plants. As a result, respiration could be optimized by introducing, improving, or controlling specific mitochondrial transporters and mitochondrial catabolic pathways.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. None declared.
(© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists.)

Subject terms:

Oxidation-Reduction - Energy Metabolism - Plants metabolism - Respiration - Mitochondria metabolism - Cell Respiration

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Function of reactive oxygen species in myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
Huang J;Zhao Y;Zhao K;Yin K;Wang S
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous myeloid cell population a... more
Function of reactive oxygen species in myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous myeloid cell population and serve as a vital contributor to the tumor microenvironment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic respiration and are involved in regulating normal biological activities and disease progression. MDSCs can produce ROS to fulfill their immunosuppressive activity and eliminate excessive ROS to survive comfily through the redox system. This review focuses on how MDSCs survive and function in high levels of ROS and summarizes immunotherapy targeting ROS in MDSCs. The distinctive role of ROS in MDSCs will inspire us to widely apply the blocked oxidative stress strategy in targeting MDSC therapy to future clinical therapeutics.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 Huang, Zhao, Zhao, Yin and Wang.)

Subject terms:

Reactive Oxygen Species - Myeloid Cells - Oxidative Stress - Cell Respiration - Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

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Assaying Mitochondrial Respiration as an Indicator of Cellular Metabolism and Fitness.
Smolina N;Khudiakov A;Kostareva A
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9214969 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1940-6029 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10643745 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Methods Mol Biol Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Mitochondrial respiration is an essential component of cellular metabolism. It is a pr... more
Assaying Mitochondrial Respiration as an Indicator of Cellular Metabolism and Fitness.
Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9214969 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1940-6029 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10643745 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Methods Mol Biol Subsets: MEDLINE
Mitochondrial respiration is an essential component of cellular metabolism. It is a process of energy conversion through enzymatically mediated reactions, the energy of taken-up substrates transformed to the ATP production. Seahorse equipment allows to measure oxygen consumption in living cells and estimate key parameters of mitochondrial respiration in real-time mode. Four key mitochondrial respiration parameters could be measured: basal respiration, ATP-production coupled respiration, maximal respiration, and proton leak. This approach demands the application of mitochondrial inhibitors-oligomycin to inhibit ATP synthase, FCCP-to uncouple the inner mitochondrial membrane and allow maximum electron flux through the electron transport chain, rotenone, and antimycin A to inhibit complexes I and III, respectively. This chapter describes two protocols of seahorse measurements performed on iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and TAZ knock-out C2C12 cell line.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Subject terms:

Oxygen Consumption - Respiration - Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism - Energy Metabolism - Mitochondria metabolism - Cell Respiration

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