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Towards deorphanizing G protein-coupled receptors of Schistosoma mansoni using the MALAR yeast two-hybrid system.

Weth O;Haeberlein S;Haimann M;Zhang Y;Grevelding CG

Academic Journal | Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0401121 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-8161 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00311820 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Parasitology Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details

Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic disease caused by parasitic worms of the genus... more

Towards deorphanizing G protein-coupled receptors of Schistosoma mansoni using the MALAR yeast two-hybrid system.

Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0401121 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-8161 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00311820 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Parasitology Subsets: MEDLINE

Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic disease caused by parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma. Treatment is solely dependent on praziquantel. In the face of the worldwide dimension, projects have been initiated to develop new chemotherapies. Due to their proven druggability, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are promising targets for anthelmintics. However, to identify candidate receptors, a deeper understanding of GPCR signalling in schistosome biology is essential. Comparative transcriptomics of paired and unpaired worms and their gonads revealed 59 differentially regulated GPCR-coding genes putatively involved in neuronal processes. In general, the diversity among GPCRs and their integral membrane topology make it difficult to characterize and deorphanize these receptors. To overcome existing limitations, we performed a pilot approach and utilized the innovative Membrane-Anchored Ligand And Receptor yeast two-hybrid system (MALAR-Y2H) to associate potential neuropeptide ligands with their cognate receptors. Here, we demonstrated the ability to express full-length GPCRs of Schistosoma mansoni in a heterologous yeast-based system. Additionally, we localized GPCRs and chimeras of neuropeptides fused to the WBP1 transmembrane domain of yeast to the plasma membrane of yeast cells. Reporter gene assays indicated ligand-receptor binding, which allowed us to identify certain neuropeptides as potential ligands for two GPCRs, which had been found before to be differentially expressed in schistosomes in a pairing-dependent manner. Thus, the MALAR-Y2H system appears suitable to unravel schistosome GPCR-ligand interactions. Besides its relevance for understanding schistosome biology, identifying and characterizing GPCR-ligand interaction will also contribute to applied research aspects.

Subject terms:

Animals - GTP-Binding Proteins metabolism - Humans - Protein Binding - Receptors, Cell Surface metabolism - Transformation, Genetic - Yeasts genetics - Neuropeptides metabolism - Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled genetics - Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism - Schistosoma mansoni genetics - Schistosoma mansoni metabolism - Two-Hybrid System Techniques

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Insights into Phakopsora pachyrhizi Effector–Effector Interactions

Mingsheng Qi;Haiyue Yu;Melissa Bredow;Aline Sartor Chicowski;Letícia Dias F...

Academic Journal | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol 37, Iss 3, Pp 227-231 (2024) Please log in to see more details

The multifaceted role of pathogen-encoded effectors in plant–pathogen interactions is ... more

Insights into Phakopsora pachyrhizi Effector–Effector Interactions

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol 37, Iss 3, Pp 227-231 (2024)

The multifaceted role of pathogen-encoded effectors in plant–pathogen interactions is complex and not fully understood. Effectors operate within intricate host environments, interacting with host proteins and other effectors to modulate virulence. The complex interplay between effectors raises the concept of metaeffectors, wherein some effectors regulate the activity of others. While previous research has demonstrated the importance of effector repertoires in pathogen virulence, only a limited number of studies have investigated the interactions between these effectors. This study explores the interactions among Phakopsora pachyrhizi effector candidates (PpECs). P. pachyrhizi haustorial transcriptome analysis identified a collection of predicted PpECs. Among these, PpEC23 was found to interact with PpEC48, prompting further exploration into their potential interaction with other effectors. Here, we utilized a yeast two-hybrid screen to explore protein–protein interactions between PpECs. A split-luciferase complementation assay also demonstrated that these interactions could occur within soybean cells. Interestingly, PpEC48 displayed the ability to interact with several small cysteine-rich proteins (SCRPs), suggesting its affinity for this specific class of effectors. We show that these interactions involve a histidine-rich domain within PpEC48, emphasizing the significance of structural motifs in mediating effector interactions. The unique nature of PpEC48, showing no sequence matches in other organisms, suggests its relatively recent evolution and potential orphan gene status. Our work reveals insights into the intricate network of interactions among P. pachyrhizi effector–effector interactions. [Graphic: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.

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effector–effector interactions - metaeffector - soybean rust - split-luciferase complementation - yeast-two-hybrid - Microbiology - QR1-502 - Botany - QK1-989

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The enhancement of bioactive phytochemicals in agarwood leaves by post-harvest application using yeast extract elicitors and evaluation of their bioactivities.

Choonong, Rattanathorn;Jabsanthia, Jakkrit;Waewaram, Varinda;Khunkhang Butd...

Academic Journal | Food Dec2023, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p1-19, 19p Please log in to see more details

Agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) leaves are commonly used as an herbal tea for health supp... more

The enhancement of bioactive phytochemicals in agarwood leaves by post-harvest application using yeast extract elicitors and evaluation of their bioactivities.

Food Dec2023, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p1-19, 19p

Agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) leaves are commonly used as an herbal tea for health supplements. The present study aims to develop the post-harvest process of agarwood leaves using yeast extract (YE) as an elicitor and evaluate its anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. The results showed that 1% of YE elicitation for 120 min significantly increased genkwanin 5-O-ß-primevoside (1.8-fold), mangiferin (1.3-fold), and total benzophenones (1.2-fold) contents over the control group. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity increased in maximal at 30 min after YE treatment. The agarwood leaf elicitation with 1% YE for 120 min showed a higher anti-inflammation effect by downregulation of iNOS, IL-6, and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and an anti-diabetic effect by enhanced AMPK-a1, AMPK-a2, and GLUT4 in L6 cells over the non-treatment. Our results suggest that YE could be a biotic elicitor to enhance the phytochemical contents and increase the benefit of agarwood leaves as a health supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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YEAST extract - PHYTOCHEMICALS - BENZOPHENONES - HERBAL teas - CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 - MANGIFERIN - LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES

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A novel, easy and rapid method for constructing yeast two-hybrid vectors using In-Fusion technology.

Yu D;Liao L;Zhang J;Zhang Y;Xu K;Liu K;Li X;Tan G;Chen R;Wang Y;Liu X;Zhang...

Academic Journal | Publisher: Future Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8306785 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1940-9818 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07366205 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biotechniques Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details

Yeast two-hybrid systems are powerful tools for analyzing interactions between protein... more

A novel, easy and rapid method for constructing yeast two-hybrid vectors using In-Fusion technology.

Publisher: Future Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8306785 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1940-9818 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07366205 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biotechniques Subsets: MEDLINE

Yeast two-hybrid systems are powerful tools for analyzing interactions between proteins. Vector construction is an essential step in yeast two-hybrid experiments, which require bait and prey plasmids. In this study, we modified the multiple cloning site sequence of the yeast plasmid pGADT7 by site-directed mutagenesis PCR to generate the pGADT7-In vector, which resulted in an easy and rapid method for constructing yeast two-hybrid vectors using the In-Fusion cloning technique. This method has three key advantages: only one pair of primers and one round of PCR are needed to generate bait and prey plasmids for each gene, it is restriction endonuclease- and ligase-independent, and it is fast and easily performed.

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Cloning, Molecular methods - Escherichia coli genetics - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed - Plasmids genetics - Polymerase Chain Reaction - Yeasts genetics - Genetic Vectors - Reverse Genetics methods - Two-Hybrid System Techniques

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Screening of Tnfaip1-Interacting Proteins in Zebrafish Embryonic cDNA Libraries Using a Yeast Two-Hybrid System

Shulan Huang;Hongning Zhang;Wen Chen;Jiawei Wang;Zhen Wu;Meiqi He;Jian Zhan...

Academic Journal | Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Vol 45, Iss 10, Pp 8215-8226 (2023) Please log in to see more details

TNFAIP1 regulates cellular biological functions, including DNA replication, DNA repair... more

Screening of Tnfaip1-Interacting Proteins in Zebrafish Embryonic cDNA Libraries Using a Yeast Two-Hybrid System

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Vol 45, Iss 10, Pp 8215-8226 (2023)

TNFAIP1 regulates cellular biological functions, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and cell cycle, by binding to target proteins. Identification of Tnfaip1-interacting proteins contributes to the understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms of their biological functions. In this study, 48 hpf, 72 hpf, and 96 hpf wild-type zebrafish embryo mRNAs were used to construct yeast cDNA library. The library titer was 1.12 × 107 CFU/mL, the recombination rate was 100%, and the average length of the inserted fragments was greater than 1000 bp. A total of 43 potential interacting proteins of Tnfaip1 were identified using zebrafish Tnfaip1 as a bait protein. Utilizing GO functional annotation and KEGG signaling pathway analysis, we found that these interacting proteins are mainly involved in translation, protein catabolic process, ribosome assembly, cytoskeleton formation, amino acid metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway. Further yeast spotting analyses identified four interacting proteins of Tnfaip1, namely, Ubxn7, Tubb4b, Rpl10, and Ybx1. The Tnfaip1-interacting proteins, screened from zebrafish embryo cDNA in this study, increased our understanding of the network of Tnfaip1-interacting proteins during the earliest embryo development and provided a molecular foundation for the future exploration of tnfaip1’s biological functions.

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Tnfaip1 - zebrafish embryos - cDNA library - yeast two-hybrid system - interacting protein - Biology (General) - QH301-705.5

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Porcine alveolar macrophages host proteins interacting with African swine fever virus p72

Zhijun Weng;Xiaoyu Zheng;Yifan Liang;Xiongnan Chen;Qin Peng;Guihong Zhang;L...

Academic Journal | Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 15 (2024) Please log in to see more details

IntroductionAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious virus that spreads... more

Porcine alveolar macrophages host proteins interacting with African swine fever virus p72

Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 15 (2024)

IntroductionAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious virus that spreads rapidly and has a mortality rate of up to 100% in domestic pigs, leading to significant economic losses in the pig industry. The major capsid protein p72 of ASFV plays a critical role in viral invasion and immune evasion.MethodsIn this study, we used yeast two-hybrid screening to identify host proteins interacting with p72 in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and verified these proteins using confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation techniques.Results and DiscussionWe validated 13 proteins that interact with p72, including CD63, B2M, YTHDF2, FTH1, SHFL, CDK5RAP3, VIM, PELO, TIMP2, PHYH, C1QC, CMAS, and ERCC1. Enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis of these interacting proteins revealed their involvement in virus attachment, invasion, replication, assembly, and immune regulation. These findings provide new insights into the function of p72 and valuable information for future research on the interaction between ASFV and host proteins.

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African swine fever virus - p72 - virus-host protein interaction - yeast two hybrid - coimmunoprecipitation - confocal localization - Microbiology - QR1-502

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A BAR homology domain containing protein, EhABP is the novel interactor of EhAK7, an aurora kinase homolog in E. histolytica

Raktim Ghosh;Pinaki Biswas;Abhinaba Chakraborty;Suchetana Pal;Moubonny Das;...

Academic Journal | Current Research in Biotechnology, Vol 7, Iss , Pp 100216- (2024) Please log in to see more details

Biomolecular interactions among proteins are fundamental for all cellular functions. T... more

A BAR homology domain containing protein, EhABP is the novel interactor of EhAK7, an aurora kinase homolog in E. histolytica

Current Research in Biotechnology, Vol 7, Iss , Pp 100216- (2024)

Biomolecular interactions among proteins are fundamental for all cellular functions. The chromosome segregation proteins are the key regulators of inherent functions in the living cells. Aurora kinases have drawn much interest as possible drug targets in higher eukaryotes. The human pathogen, E. histolytica is the causative agent of amoebiasis, and a major health concern in developing countries. However, there is no vaccine against it and the popular drugs- metronidazole, tinidazole etc. show significant side effects in humans. To identify new controlling agents, we must have a thorough knowledge about the cell cycle regulatory proteins of E. histolytica, as many unusual cell cycle events can be found in this parasite, that do not happen in human cells. This study describes the first comprehensive analysis of the interaction between an aurora kinase protein and a BAR homology domain containing protein. Fes/CIP4 and EFC/F-BAR homology domain (FCH) containing protein, EhABP has been identified as a novel interactor of EhAK7, an aurora kinase homolog from E. histolytica by yeast two-hybrid screening against the cDNA library of E. histolytica and their interaction has been proved by in vitro binding assay. Both the N and C-terminus of EhAK7 are responsible for this interaction. We found the reduced expression of EhAK7 and EhABP genes, defects in actin filament organization and irregular-shaped nucleus in the trophozoites treated with an aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680. This indicates that EhAK7 play an important role in the cytokinesis of E. histolytica through the interaction with a BAR homology domain containing protein, EhABP.

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Aurora kinase - Protein–protein interaction - Yeast two hybrid - Molecular docking - Entamoeba histolytica - Biotechnology - TP248.13-248.65

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Rhodopsin orphan GPCR20 interacts with neuropeptides and directs growth, sexual differentiation, and egg production in female Schistosoma mansoni

Xuesong Li;Oliver Weth;Martin Haimann;Max F. Möscheid;Theresa S. Huber;Chri...

Academic Journal | Microbiology Spectrum, Vol 12, Iss 1 (2024) Please log in to see more details

ABSTRACT Schistosomes are parasitic flatworms that cause schistosomiasis, a neglected ... more

Rhodopsin orphan GPCR20 interacts with neuropeptides and directs growth, sexual differentiation, and egg production in female Schistosoma mansoni

Microbiology Spectrum, Vol 12, Iss 1 (2024)

ABSTRACT Schistosomes are parasitic flatworms that cause schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease of worldwide importance. Since standard treatment of schistosomiasis relies on a single drug, praziquantel, alternative drugs are needed. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent promising targets for new anthelmintics. Although GPCRs represent a prominent receptor class in schistosomes, functional studies are limited just as knowledge about their ligands. Candidate ligands are neuropeptides acting as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, or hormones in the nervous system. Transcriptomics studies in Schistosoma mansoni indicated that nearly all neuropeptide genes (Sm_npps) and a subgroup of GPCRs exhibited a sex- and pairing-dependent expression profile. Among these was the rhodopsin orphan GPCR20 (SmGPCR20), which we characterized in our study. Using a yeast two-hybrid-based approach, we identified specific interactions between SmGPCR20 and two neuropeptides SmNPP26 and SmNPP40. As analyzed by qRT-PCR, Smgpcr20, Smnpp26, and Smnpp40 showed sex- and/or pairing-influenced expression. Whole-mount in situ hybridization exhibited transcripts of these genes in neuronal cells, subtegumental area, and parenchyma of both sexes. Furthermore, we received indication for co-localization of transcripts of these genes in the anterior “head” region of single-sex females and in particular patterns along the worm body indicating neuronal expression. RNA interference (RNAi) with combinations of double-stranded RNAs against the three genes resulted in reduced egg production. Confocal microscopy revealed morphologic changes in the female gonads. Furthermore, RNAi in first-time paired females caused a reduced length of females after double knockdown of SmGPCR20 and SmNPP26 and changes in the ovary. In addition, we found reduced transcript levels of egg formation-associated and gonad-specifically transcribed genes and the stem-cell marker nanos-1. The obtained results suggest that SmNPP26 and SmNPP40 are potential ligands of SmGPCR20 and that this GPCR in combination with both neuropeptides affects egg production, oogenesis, and growth of S. mansoni females. IMPORTANCE Schistosomes cause schistosomiasis, one of the neglected tropical diseases as defined by the WHO. For decades, the treatment of schistosomiasis relies on a single drug, praziquantel. Due to its wide use, there is justified fear of resistance against this drug, and a vaccine is not available. Besides its biological relevance in signal transduction processes, the class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is also well suited for drug design. Against this background, we characterized one GPCR of Schistosoma mansoni, SmGPCR20, at the molecular and functional level. We identified two potential neuropeptides (NPPs) as ligands, SmNPP26 and SmNPP40, and unraveled their roles, in combination with SmGPCR20, in neuronal processes controlling egg production, oogenesis, and growth of S. mansoni females. Since eggs are closely associated with the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis, our results contribute to the understanding of processes leading to egg production in schistosomes, which is under the control of pairing in this exceptional parasite.

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schistosomes - G protein-coupled receptor - neuropeptide - membrane-anchored ligand and receptor yeast two-hybrid system - neuronal signaling - Microbiology - QR1-502

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Interactome between ASFV and host immune pathway proteins

Qijun Wu;Yingying Lei;Ya Zuo;Ji Zhang;Fenglin Guo;Weize Xu;Tanghui Xie;Dang...

Academic Journal | mSystems, Vol 8, Iss 6 (2023) Please log in to see more details

ABSTRACTAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) causes severe acute hemorrhagic disease with ... more

Interactome between ASFV and host immune pathway proteins

mSystems, Vol 8, Iss 6 (2023)

ABSTRACTAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) causes severe acute hemorrhagic disease with high mortality in domestic pigs but minimal or no symptoms to warthogs, for which the underlying mechanism remains elusive. ASFV encodes numerous proteins to disturb host immune responses via interacting with host proteins. In this study, we deciphered the comprehensive protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between ASFV and host immune pathways by the recombination-based library vs library high-throughput yeast two-hybrid screening. This PPI network contains both ASFV-host PPI and ASFV-ASFV PPI information, providing a comprehensive ASFV-host interactome landscape. We further explored the ASFV-host PPI difference between domestic pigs and warthogs. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of ASFV proteins in the PPI with cGAS-STING pathway on IFN-I and NF-κB promoter activity was screened to investigate the ASFV-host PPI functions. Our work will help the exploration of ASFV pathogenesis and the development of anti-ASFV vaccine and ASFV-resistant transgenic pigs.IMPORTANCEAfrican swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), has become a major crisis for the pork industry in recent years. The mechanism for ASFV pathology and the clinical symptoms difference of ASF between domestic pigs and reservoir hosts remain to be elucidated. We deciphered the comprehensive protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between ASFV and host immune pathways. The intensive PPI network contained both ASFV-host immune pathway PPI and ASFV-ASFV PPI information, providing a comprehensive ASFV-host interaction landscape. Furthermore, the ASFV-host PPI difference between domestic pigs and warthogs was explored, which will be instructive for exploring essential candidates involved in ASFV pathology. Moreover, we screened the inhibitory effect of ASFV proteins in the PPI with cGAS-STING pathway on IFN-I and NF-κB, further providing possible functions of ASFV-host PPI network in innate immune regulation.

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African swine fever virus - host immune pathway - protein-protein interaction - high-throughput yeast two-hybrid screening - Microbiology - QR1-502

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VvJAZ13 Positively Regulates Cold Tolerance in Arabidopsis and Grape

Lili Che;Shixiong Lu;Huimin Gou;Min Li;Lili Guo;Juanbo Yang;Juan Mao

Academic Journal | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 25, Iss 8, p 4458 (2024) Please log in to see more details

Cold stress adversely impacts grape growth, development, and yield. Therefore, improvi... more

VvJAZ13 Positively Regulates Cold Tolerance in Arabidopsis and Grape

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 25, Iss 8, p 4458 (2024)

Cold stress adversely impacts grape growth, development, and yield. Therefore, improving the cold tolerance of grape is an urgent task of grape breeding. The Jasmonic acid (JA) pathway responsive gene JAZ plays a key role in plant response to cold stress. However, the role of JAZ in response to low temperatures in grape is unclear. In this study, VvJAZ13 was cloned from the ‘Pinot Noir’ (Vitis vinefera cv. ‘Pinot Noir’) grape, and the potential interacting protein of VvJAZ13 was screened by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H). The function of VvJAZ13 under low temperature stress was verified by genetic transformation. Subcellular localization showed that the gene was mainly expressed in cytoplasm and the nucleus. Y2H indicated that VvF-box, VvTIFY5A, VvTIFY9, Vvbch1, and VvAGD13 may be potential interacting proteins of VvJAZ13. The results of transient transformation of grape leaves showed that VvJAZ13 improved photosynthetic capacity and reduced cell damage by increasing maximum photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), reducing relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increasing proline content in overexpressed lines (OEs), which played an active role in cold resistance. Through the overexpression of VvJAZ13 in Arabidopsis thaliana and grape calli, the results showed that compared with wild type (WT), transgenic lines had higher antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content, lower REL, MDA, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and an improved ability of scavenging reactive oxygen species. In addition, the expression levels of CBF1-2 and ICE1 genes related to cold response were up-regulated in transgenic lines. To sum up, VvJAZ13 is actively involved in the cold tolerance of Arabidopsis and grape, and has the potential to be a candidate gene for improving plant cold tolerance.

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grape - overexpression VvJAZ13 - cold stress - yeast two-hybrid - CBF - Biology (General) - QH301-705.5 - Chemistry - QD1-999

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