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ID: 2897040
User: 162.72.210.37
Article: History of Chinese Americans
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Although the newcomers arrived in America after an already established small community of their compatriots, they experienced many [[culture shocks]] in what to them was a strange country. The Chinese immigrants neither spoke nor understood [[English language|English]] and were not familiar with [[western culture]] and life; they often came from rural China and therefore had difficulty in adjusting to and finding their way around large towns such as [[San Francisco]]. The racism they experienced from the European Americans from the outset increased continuously until the turn of the 20th century, and with lasting effect prevented their [[Cultural assimilation|assimilation]] into mainstream American society. This in turn led to the creation, cohesion, and cooperation of many Chinese benevolent associations and societies whose existence in the United States continued far into the 20th century as a necessity both for support and survival. There were also many other factors that hindered their assimilation, most notably their appearance. Under [[Qing dynasty]] law, [[Han Chinese]] men were forced under the threat of beheading to follow [[Manchu]] customs including shaving the front of their heads and combing the remaining hair into a [[queue (hairstyle)|queue]]. Historically, to the Manchus, the policy was both an act of submission and, in practical terms, an identification aid to tell friend from foe. Because Chinese immigrants returned as often as they could to China to see their family, they could not cut off their often hated braids in America and then legally re-enter China.<ref>Lai Him Mark, pp. 23–31</ref>
Although the newcomers arrived in America after an already established small community of their compatriots, they experienced many [[culture shocks]] in what to them was a strange country. The Chinese immigrants neither spoke nor understood [[English language|English]] and were not familiar with [[western culture]] and life; they often came from rural China and therefore had difficulty in adjusting to and finding their way around large towns such as [[San Francisco]]. The racism they experienced from the European Americans from the outset increased continuously until the turn of the 20th century, and with lasting effect prevented their [[Cultural assimilation|assimilation]] into mainstream American society. This in turn led to the creation, cohesion, and cooperation of many Chinese benevolent associations and societies whose existence in the United States continued far into the 20th century as a necessity both for support and survival. There were also many other factors that hindered their assimilation, most notably their appearance. Under [[Qing dynasty]] law, [[Han Chinese]] men were forced under the threat of beheading to follow [[Manchu]] customs including shaving the front of their heads and combing the remaining hair into a [[queue (hairstyle)|queue]]. Historically, to the Manchus, the policy was both an act of submission and, in practical terms, an identification aid to tell friend from foe. Because Chinese immigrants returned as often as they could to China to see their family, they could not cut off their often hated braids in America and then legally re-enter China.<ref>Lai Him Mark, pp. 23–31</ref>


[[File:Chinese American Woman in Traditional Dress.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Portrait of a married Chinese-American woman in the 1870s.<ref>California Historical Society. The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley</ref>]]
[[File:Chinese American Woman in Traditional Dress.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Portrait of YUAN MEI YE 葉遠媚 a married Chinese-American woman in the 1870s.<ref>California Historical Society. The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley</ref>]]


The first Chinese immigrants usually remained faithful to traditional Chinese beliefs, which were either [[Confucianism]], [[ancestral worship]], [[Buddhism]] or [[Daoism]], while others adhered to various [[Ecclesiology|ecclesiastical]] doctrines. The number of Chinese migrants who converted to [[Christianity]] remained at first low. They were mainly [[Protestantism|Protestants]] who had already been converted in China where foreign Christian missionaries (who had first come en masse in the 19th century) had strived for centuries to wholly Christianize the nation with relatively minor success. Christian missionaries had also worked in the Chinese communities and settlements in America, but nevertheless their religious message found few who were receptive. It was estimated that during the first wave until the 1882 [[Chinese Exclusion Act]], less than 20 percent of Chinese immigrants had accepted Christian teachings. Their difficulties with integration were exemplified by the end of the first wave in the mid-20th century when only a minority of Chinese living in the U.S. could speak [[English language|English]].<ref>McCunn, pp. 109–111; see also [[Christianity in China]]</ref>
The first Chinese immigrants usually remained faithful to traditional Chinese beliefs, which were either [[Confucianism]], [[ancestral worship]], [[Buddhism]] or [[Daoism]], while others adhered to various [[Ecclesiology|ecclesiastical]] doctrines. The number of Chinese migrants who converted to [[Christianity]] remained at first low. They were mainly [[Protestantism|Protestants]] who had already been converted in China where foreign Christian missionaries (who had first come en masse in the 19th century) had strived for centuries to wholly Christianize the nation with relatively minor success. Christian missionaries had also worked in the Chinese communities and settlements in America, but nevertheless their religious message found few who were receptive. It was estimated that during the first wave until the 1882 [[Chinese Exclusion Act]], less than 20 percent of Chinese immigrants had accepted Christian teachings. Their difficulties with integration were exemplified by the end of the first wave in the mid-20th century when only a minority of Chinese living in the U.S. could speak [[English language|English]].<ref>McCunn, pp. 109–111; see also [[Christianity in China]]</ref>
Reason: ANN scored at 0.932031
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Reporter: Anonymous (anonymous)
Date: Tuesday, the 7th of July 2020 at 01:15:39 PM
Status: Reviewed - Not included in dataset
Saturday, the 14th of January 2017 at 06:28:29 PM #107716
Anonymous (anonymous)

My family donated the photo. Im just trying to put the name on there. It's not a big deal.