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{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Canadian federal election, 2015
| country = Canada
| type = parliamentary
| party_colour = no
| party_name = no
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = Canadian federal election, 2011
| previous_year = 2011
| previous_mps = List of House members of the 41st Parliament of Canada
| election_date = {{Start date|2015|10|19}}
| elected_mps = [[List of House members of the 42nd Parliament of Canada|members]]
| next_election = 43rd Canadian federal election
| next_year = 43rd
| next_mps = List of House members of the 43rd Parliament of Canada
| seats_for_election= 338 seats in the [[House of Commons of Canada]]
| majority_seats = 170
| opinion_polls = Opinion polling in the Canadian federal election, 2015
| turnout = 68.5%

| image1 = [[File:Justin Trudeau 2014 (cropped).jpg|170x170px]]
| colour1 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|nohash}}
| leader1 = [[Justin Trudeau]]
| leaders_seat1 = [[Papineau (electoral district)|Papineau]]
| leader_since1 = [[Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, 2013|April 14, 2013]]
| party1 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|name}}
| last_election1 = 34 seats, 18.91%
| seats_before1 = 36
| seats1 = 184
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}148
| popular_vote1 = 6,930,136
| percentage1 = 39.47%
| swing1 = {{increase}}20.56[[percentage points|pp]]

| image2 = [[File:Stephen Harper 2014 (cropped).jpg|170x170px]]
| colour2 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|nohash}}
| leader2 = [[Stephen Harper]]
| leader_since2 = [[Conservative Party of Canada leadership election, 2004|March 20, 2004]]
| leaders_seat2 = [[Calgary Heritage]]
| party2 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|name}}
| last_election2 = 166 seats, 39.62%
| seats_before2 = 159
| seats2 = 99
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}}60
| popular_vote2 = 5,600,496
| percentage2 = 31.89%
| swing2 = {{decrease}}7.73[[percentage points|pp]]

| image3 = [[File:Thomas Mulcair 2015 (cropped).jpg|170x170px]]
| colour3 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|nohash}}
| leader3 = [[Thomas Mulcair|Tom Mulcair]]
| leaders_seat3 = [[Outremont (electoral district)|Outremont]]
| leader_since3 = [[New Democratic Party leadership election, 2012|March 24, 2012]]
| party3 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|name}}
| last_election3 = 103 seats, 30.63%
| seats_before3 = 95
| seats3 = 44
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}}51
| popular_vote3 = 3,461,262
| percentage3 = 19.71%
| swing3 = {{decrease}}10.92[[percentage points|pp]]

| image4 = [[File:Gilles Duceppe 2011 (cropped).jpg|170x170px]]
| colour4 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|nohash}}
| leader4 = [[Gilles Duceppe]]
| leaders_seat4 = ''Ran in [[Laurier—Sainte-Marie]] (lost)''
| leader_since4 = [[Bloc Québécois#Return of Duceppe|June 10, 2015]]
| party4 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|name}}
| last_election4 = 4 seats, 6.04%
| seats_before4 = 2
| seats4 = 10
| seat_change4 = {{increase}}8
| popular_vote4 = 818,652
| percentage4 = 4.66%
| swing4 = {{decrease}}1.38[[percentage points|pp]]

| image5 = [[File:Elizabeth May 2014 (cropped).jpg|170x170px]]
| colour5 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|nohash}}
| leader5 = [[Elizabeth May]]
| leader_since5 = [[Green Party of Canada leadership election, 2006|August 27, 2006]]
| leaders_seat5 = [[Saanich—Gulf Islands]]
| party5 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|name}}
| last_election5 = 1 seat, 3.91%
| seats_before5 = 2
| seats5 = 1
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}}1
| popular_vote5 = 605,864
| percentage5 = 3.45%
| swing5 = {{decrease}}0.46[[percentage points|pp]]

| map_image = Canada 2015 Federal Election.svg
| map_size =
| map_caption = Popular vote by province, with graphs indicating the number of seats won. As this is an [[FPTP]] election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote by province but instead via results by each riding.

| title = [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]]-designate
| before_election = [[Stephen Harper]]
| before_party = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|name}}
| after_election = [[Justin Trudeau]]
| after_party = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|name}}
}}
The '''Canadian federal election, 2015''' (formally the '''42nd general election''') was held on October 19, 2015 to elect [[Members of parliament#Canada|members]] to the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]] of the [[42nd Canadian Parliament|Canadian parliament]].

The [[writ of election|writs of election]] for the 2015 election were issued by [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] [[David Johnston]] on August 4. The ensuing campaign spanned 78 days from the dissolution of Parliament to the election, one of the longest campaigns in Canadian history.<ref>Only the first two election campaigns after Confederation were longer: 81 days in 1867 and 96 days in 1872. In those early days voting was staggered across the country over a period of several months, necessarily extending the length of the campaigns. Since then, the longest campaign was 74 days, in 1926. (Canadian Press, [http://www.torontosun.com/2015/07/29/imminent-federal-election-to-be-costliest-longest-in-recent-canadian-history ''Imminent federal election to be costliest, longest in recent Canadian history''], Toronto Sun, 29 July 2015)</ref> This was also the first time since the [[Canadian federal election, 1979|1979 election]] that a Prime Minister attempted to win a fourth consecutive term in power.

The [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] led by [[Justin Trudeau]] won 184 seats, allowing it to form a majority government with Trudeau becoming the Prime Minister-designate of Canada.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34566369 | title = Trudeau brings Liberals back on top | first = Anthony | last = Zurcher | publisher = BBC News | date = 20 October 2015 | accessdate = 22 October 2015}}</ref> The [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative Party]] led by incumbent Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]] won 99 seats, becoming the Official Opposition after nine years in Government. The [[New Democratic Party]] led by [[Thomas Mulcair]] won 44 seats, becoming the third-largest party in the House of Commons after having formed the Official Opposition following the [[Canadian federal election, 2011|2011 election]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/20/justin-trudeau-set-to-become-pm-as-liberals-sweep-board-in-canada-election|work=The Guardian|title=Justin Trudeau set to become Canadian PM as Liberals sweep board in election|first=Nicky|last=Woolf|date=19 October 2015|accessdate=19 October 2015}}</ref> Minor parties won 11 seats: the [[Bloc Québécois]] won 10 seats and the [[Green Party of Canada|Green Party]] won 1 seat.

The Liberal Party's increase of 148 seats from the previous election was the largest-ever numerical increase by a party in a Canadian election. The Liberals' success came at the expense of 60 seats from the Conservative Party and 51 seats from the New Democratic Party, and was the largest total number of seats won by a single party since the [[Canadian federal election, 1984|1984 election]]. Prior to the election, the Liberals had held only 36 seats—the fewest seats ever held at dissolution by any federal party that won the following election. The Liberals also became the first federal party in Canadian history to win a majority government without being either the Government or the Official Opposition in the previous Parliament, and this was only the second time a party went from having the third most number of seats to the most number seats (the first being in [[Canadian federal election, 1925|1925]]).

Every party represented in the House of Commons except the Liberal Party recorded a decrease in its popular vote share. Following the election, Harper conceded defeat to Trudeau and resigned as leader of the Conservative Party. Gilles Duceppe resigned as leader of the Bloc Québécois.

== Background ==
{{See also|Timeline of the Canadian federal election, 2015|41st Canadian Parliament}}
The [[Canadian federal election, 2011|2011 federal election]] resulted in the continuation of the incumbent [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]] government headed by [[Stephen Harper]], while the [[New Democratic Party]] (NDP) became Official Opposition and the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] became the third party. The [[Bloc Québécois]] won four seats and the [[Green Party of Canada|Green Party]] won one seat. Liberal leader [[Michael Ignatieff]] and Bloc leader [[Gilles Duceppe]] resigned shortly after failing to win their own ridings. The Bloc Québécois lost official party status by failing to attain the minimum seats needed (12). [[Bob Rae]] was chosen as interim leader of the Liberal Party. In July 2011 [[Jack Layton]], suffering from cancer, temporarily stepped down as leader of the NDP because of his illness, indicating his intention to return to the job for the reconvening of Parliament in September. Weeks later Layton died of cancer and was given a [[state funeral]]. In March 2012 [[Tom Mulcair]] was elected leader of the New Democratic Party. In April 2013 [[Justin Trudeau]] was elected leader of the Liberal Party. Bloc Québécois leader [[Daniel Paillé]] stepped down in December 2013 and was eventually replaced in June 2014 by [[Mario Beaulieu (politician)|Mario Beaulieu]], who in turn was later replaced in June 2015<ref name="DuceppeReturns">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/ParlInfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=ed3d4160-8a5a-4efc-a0a6-d65deeb994d9&Language=E|title=DUCEPPE, Gilles|publisher=House of Commons of Canada|accessdate=August 8, 2015}}</ref> by Duceppe. In late 2014, MPs [[Jean-François Larose]] of the NDP and [[Jean-François Fortin (politician)|Jean-François Fortin]] of the Bloc formed the new political party [[Strength in Democracy]].

As set forth in the ''Fair Representation Act'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Fair Representation Act, S.C. 2011, c. 26|url=http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/AnnualStatutes/2011_26/page-1.html|website=laws.justice.gc.ca|publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada|accessdate=January 17, 2015|date=December 16, 2011}}</ref> the number of seats in the House of Commons to be contested in the 42nd Canadian federal election was 338, an increase of 30 seats from the 308 seats comprising the [[House of Commons of Canada]] of the [[41st Parliament of Canada]], at its [[Dissolution of parliament|dissolution]].<ref name=FRAct>{{cite news|title=30 more MPs for rebalanced House of Commons|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/30-more-mps-for-rebalanced-house-of-commons-1.994608|website=CBC.ca|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=June 8, 2014|date=October 26, 2011}}</ref>

[[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Stephen Harper]] requested [[writ of election|writs of election]] for a federal general election from [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] [[David Johnston]] on August 2. The official proclamations were issued on August 4.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2015/2015-08-04-x4/pdf/g2-149x4.pdf#page=3 |title=Proclamation Issuing Election Writs |journal=Canada Gazette Part II |volume=149 |date=2015-08-04 |accessdate=2015-10-22}}</ref> The date of the vote is determined by the fixed-date [[Canada Elections Act]].<ref name=C16>{{cite web| url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Docid=2475836&file=4| title=Amendment to Canada Elections Act| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| date=November 6, 2006| accessdate=July 29, 2011}}</ref> At 11 weeks, the campaign was the longest in modern [[Canadian history]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-stephen-harper-confirms-start-of-11-week-federal-campaign-1.3175136 | title= Canada election 2015: Stephen Harper confirms start of 11-week federal campaign | publisher=CBC News | date=August 2, 2015 | accessdate=August 2, 2015}}</ref>

As a result of the [[Canadian federal electoral redistribution, 2012|2012 federal electoral redistribution]], the number of electoral districts was increased to 338, with additional seats based on population assigned to Alberta (6), British Columbia (6), Ontario (15), and Quebec (3).

== Campaign slogans ==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! English !! French !! Translation of French (unofficial)
|-
|Conservative Party
|"Proven leadership for a strong Canada."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.conservative.ca/cpc/i-stand-with-stephen-harper-1/|title=I Stand With Stephen Harper|author=Conservative Party of Canada|work=I Stand With Stephen Harper|accessdate=August 5, 2015}}{{dead link|date=October 2015}}</ref> "Proven leadership for a Safer Canada/Stronger Economy"<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21660571-stephen-harper-wants-fourth-term-prime-minister-he-faces-tough-fight-long-not|title = Long, but not boring|accessdate = August 10, 2015|work = [[The Economist]]|date = August 8, 2015}}</ref> "Protect our Economy"<ref>{{cite web|title=Cover Photos|url=https://www.facebook.com/cpcpcc/photos/a.10150673458204204.413594.5661704203/10153638567194204/|publisher=Offical facebook page of Conservative Party of Canada|date = September 13, 2015|accessdate=October 19, 2015}}</ref>
|« Un leadership qui a fait ses preuves pour une économie plus forte »
|"Proven leadership for a stronger economy"
|-
|New Democratic Party
|"Ready for Change."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndp.ca/|title=Canada's NDP|work=Canada's NDP|accessdate=August 5, 2015}}</ref>
|« Ensemble pour le changement »
|"Together for change"
|-
|Liberal Party
|"Real Change."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-justin-trudeau-takes-his-campaign-to-stephen-harper-s-backyard-1.3177921|title=Canada election 2015: Justin Trudeau takes his campaign to Stephen Harper's backyard|date=August 4, 2015|work=cbc.ca|accessdate=August 5, 2015}}</ref>
|« Changer ensemble »
|"Change together"
|-
|Bloc Québécois
|{{N/A}}
|« Des gains pour le Québec »<ref>{{cite news|title=Bloc Quebecois abandons sovereignty slogan|url=http://montreal.ctvnews.ca/bloc-quebecois-abandons-sovereignty-slogan-1.2540997|accessdate=August 31, 2015|work=CTV News Montreal|date=August 31, 2015}}</ref> « On a tout à gagner »
|"Gains for Quebec" "We have everything to win"
|-
|Green Party
|"A Canada That Works. Together."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greenparty.ca/en|title=Green Party of Canada|work=greenparty.ca|accessdate=August 5, 2015}}</ref>
|« Prendre l'avenir en main »
|"Take the future in hand"
|-
|Strength in Democracy
|"Empowering our regions, uniting our strengths."<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.strengthindemocracy.org/|title = Strength in Democracy|accessdate = August 5, 2015|author=Strength in Democracy/Forces et Démocratie|date = June 26, 2015}}</ref>
|« Allier les forces de nos régions »
|"Combine the strengths of our regions"
|}

== Opinion polls ==
{{Main|Opinion polling in the Canadian federal election, 2015|Opinion polling in the Canadian federal election, 2015 by constituency}}

[[File:Opinion Polling during the 2015 Canadian Federal Election.svg|1000px]]

Evolution of voting intentions during the campaign leading up to the 2015 Canadian federal election to be held on October 19, 2015. Points represent results of individual polls.

== Controversies ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !!Description
|- valign="top"
|Conservative
|
* August 7, 2015: [[Hochelaga (electoral district)|Hochelaga]] candidate Augustin Ali Kitoko was removed as a candidate after sharing a Facebook photo album from New Democrat leader [[Thomas Mulcair]].<ref name="CBC Gaffes">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-candidates-dropped-gaffes-in-trouble-1.3231366|title=List of candidates, party officials who have made headlines for various gaffes|author=The Canadian Press|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 16, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* August 21, 2015: [[Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie]] candidate Gilles Guibord was no longer a candidate after a number of online comments on ''[[Le Journal de Montréal]]'' were uncovered, including blaming [[First Nations]] for not integrating into European culture, claiming the French, not the [[Mohawk people|Mohawks]], have ancestral rights to Quebec, and speaking about man's "authority over women."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/gilles-guibord-no-longer-conservative-candidate-after-internet-comments-surface-1.3199158|title=Gilles Guibord no longer Conservative candidate after internet comments surface|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=August 21, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* August 24, 2015: [[Ahuntsic-Cartierville (electoral district)|Ahuntsic-Cartierville]] candidate Wiliam Moughrabi deleted his Facebook account after violent and sexist posts were discovered.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wiliam-moughrabi-facebook-violent-sexual-posts-1.3203206|title=Tory candidate deletes Facebook page after violent and sexist posts come to light|author=Haydn Watters|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=August 25, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* August 25, 2015: [[Joliette (electoral district)|Joliette]] candidate Soheil Eid apologized after comparing New Democrat leader [[Thomas Mulcair]]'s statements regarding the [[Energy East]] pipeline project to Nazi propagandist [[Joseph Goebbels]] by quoting ''"Mentez mentez, il en restera toujours quelque chose"'' ("Lie lie and something will always remain").<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/soheil-eid-nazi-ndp-1.3204299|title=Quebec Tory candidate apologizes for trying to draw Nazi-NDP parallel|author=The Canadian Press|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=August 26, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* September 6, 2015: [[Scarborough—Rouge Park]] candidate Jerry Bance was dropped from the party after a video from [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]'s ''[[Marketplace (TV series)|Marketplace]]'' surfaced showing an appliance repairman named Jerry urinating into a mug in a client's kitchen. It was later discovered that it was Jerry Bance.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jerry-bance-marketplace-1.3217797|title=Jerry Bance, Conservative caught peeing in mug, no longer candidate, party says|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 6, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref> It became a popular meme on Twitter as #peegate<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-peegate-jerry-bance-1.3218157|title='Peegate' memes flood Twitter after Tory candidate caught urinating in mug|author=Haydn Watters|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 7, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* September 7, 2015: [[Toronto—Danforth]] candidate Tim Dutaud was forced to resign his candidacy after it was discovered he was YouTube user UniCaller, who has uploaded videos of himself pretending to orgasm while on the phone with female customer service representatives, and mocking people with mental disabilities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-tim-dutaud-conservative-candidate-unicaller-1.3218162|title=Tim Dutaud 2nd Conservative candidate dropped over embarrassing videos|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 7, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* September 8, 2015: [[Bay of Quinte (electoral district)|Bay of Quinte]] Conservative Electoral District Association board member Sue MacDonell was fired after she posted on Facebook that [[Cree]] woman and newly crowned [[Mrs. Universe]] [[Ashley Callingbull-Burnham]] was a "monster" and a "smug entitled Liberal pet."<ref name="CBC Gaffes" />
* September 15, 2015: [[Bonavista—Burin—Trinity]] candidate Blair Dale was removed from his candidacy after racist and sexist online comments surfaced, including saying that abortion should not be an option for "irresponsible" people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-blair-dale-newfoundland-cpc-1.3229260|title=Conservative candidate Blair Dale dropped after remarks about women, abortion surface|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 15, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* October 1, 2015: [[Sackville—Preston—Chezzetcook]] candidate Robert Strickland was lambasted after Facebook remarks made by Strickland (or a staffer) told a young voter to "gain some experience in life" before engaging in political discussions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/robert-strickland-conservative-candidate-facebook-1.3251729|title=Robert Strickland, Conservative candidate, skewered over Facebook comments|author=Richard Woodbury|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=October 1, 2015|accessdate=October 1, 2015}}</ref>
* October 1, 2015: [[St. Catharines (electoral district)|St. Catharines]] incumbent [[Rick Dykstra]] was alleged to have purchased six [[Cîroc]] vodka bottles for underage girls at a local nightclub and then had his campaign offer bribes in exchange for their silence, a charge Dykstra denies.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/news/conservative-incumbent-rick-dysktra-denies-buying-vodka-for-teens-at-nightclub-1.3253561|title=Conservative incumbent Rick Dykstra denies buying vodka for teens at nightclub|author=The Canadian Press|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=October 1, 2015|accessdate=October 2, 2015}}</ref>
* October 6, 2015: [[Mississauga—Malton]] candidate Jagdish Grewal was dropped from the party after an editoral by Grewal was printed in the ''Punjabi Post'' titled "Is it wrong for a homosexual to become a normal person?" in which he defended gay-conversion therapy to return gay youths to their "normal" heterosexuality. He remained on the ballot.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-conservative-candidate-jagdish-grewal-gay-youth-1.3259324|title=Tories dump candidate who touts therapies to turn gay youth straight|author=Jennifer Ditchburn|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=October 6, 2015|accessdate=October 6, 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|NDP
|
* August 10, 2015: [[Kings—Hants]] candidate Morgan Wheeldon resigned his candidacy after a Facebook comment surfaced where he is accused of saying Israel intended to "ethnically cleanse the region."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/morgan-wheeldon-kings-hants-ndp-candidate-resigns-over-israel-comments-1.3185485|title=Morgan Wheeldon, Kings-Hants NDP candidate, resigns over Israel comments|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=August 10, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* September 8, 2015: Shawn Dearn, [[Thomas Mulcair]]'s director of communications apologized after tweets came to light criticizing the Catholic church, including stating that the "misogynist, homophobic, child-molesting Catholic church" is no moral authority, and used an expletive to refer to [[Pope Benedict XVI]] after the pope denounced Britain's gay equality rights.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-shawn-dearn-ndp-mulcair-twitter-apology-1.3220283|title=Senior NDP aide to Tom Mulcair apologized for tweets targeting Catholic Church|author=Colin Perkel|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 8, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* September 20, 2015: NDP Leader [[Thomas Mulcair|Tom Mulcair]] was forced to apologize for using the term "[[Newfie]]" in a derogatory fashion as a synonym for "stupid" during a heated exchange in the Quebec legislature in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|title = Mulcair apologizes for 1996 'Newfie' remark at campaign stop in N.L.|url = http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/mulcair-apologizes-for-1996-newfie-remark-at-campaign-stop-in-n-l-1.2572207|website = CTVNews|accessdate = October 13, 2015}}</ref>
* September 21, 2015: [[Winnipeg Centre]] MP [[Pat Martin]], apologized for offensive language, Martin called Green party candidate Don Woodstock a “son of a bitch” during a candidates debate the previous week. In a Huffington Post article Martin was quoted as saying Liberal candidate Robert-Falcon Ouellette is a “political slut” because he had considered running for different political parties before running for the Liberals.<ref>{{cite web|title = Here's Where The NDP-Liberal Battle Could Get Nastiest|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/09/19/winnipeg-centre-pat-martin-robert-falcon-ouellette-_n_8164126.html|website = The Huffington Post|accessdate = October 13, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Steve Lambert |url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ndp-incumbent-pat-martin-apologizes-for-offensive-language/article26457675/ |title=NDP incumbent Pat Martin apologizes for offensive language |publisher=The Globe and Mail |date=2015-09-21 |accessdate=2015-10-22}}</ref>
* September 22, 2015: [[Hamilton West—Ancaster—Dundas]] candidate Alex Johnstone apologized for Facebook comments from seven years ago, where she commented on photos of the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]] with "Ahhh, the infamous Pollish{{sic}}, phallic, hydro posts." She claimed to not know that the picture was of the infamous concentration camp.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/news/canada-election-2015-ndp-hamilton-alex-johnstone-auschwitz-1.3241065|title=NDP candidate Alex Johnstone 'didn't know what Auschwitz was'|author=The Canadian Press|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 23, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* September 24, 2015: [[Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley]] candidate Stefan Johansson was asked to step down as candidate after social media posts from three years ago emerged where he compared the [[Haredi Judaism|Haredim]] sect of Judaism to the [[Taliban]] and other extremists.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-ndp-candidate-quits-over-social-media-posts-linking-jewish-sect-to-taliban-1.3243053|title=Winnipeg NDP candidate quits over social media posts linking Jewish sect to Taliban|author=Steve Lambert|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 24, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* October 7, 2015: [[Brampton East]] Candidate Harbaljit Singh Kahlon who once told a television programme same-sex marriage could lead to polygamy and public nudity, is offering an apology and says he no longer holds those views.<ref>{{cite news|title = NDP candidate apologizes for former views on gay marriage, homosexuality|url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-candidate-harbaljit-singh-kahlon-same-sex-marriage-polygamy-nudity-1.3261883|website = www.cbc.ca|accessdate = October 13, 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|Liberal
|
* August 18, 2015: [[Calgary Nose Hill]] candidate Ala Buzreba stepped down as candidate after offensive Twitter tweets from several years ago were uncovered, including "Go blow your brains out you waste of sperm" and "Your mother should have used that coat hanger."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-ala-buzreba-tweets-1.3195193|title=Liberal Ala Buzreba apologizes, steps down after offensive tweets found|author=The Canadian Press|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=August 18, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* September 10, 2015: [[South Surrey—White Rock]] candidate Joy Davies resigned her candidacy after Facebook comments surfaced where she suggested that marijuana reduced family violence, that growing marijuana in a home poses no harm to children, and that the [[Canadian Cancer Society]] was "another outlet for big pharma."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-liberals-social-media-candidates-marijuana-1.3223459|title=Joy Davies resigns as Liberal candidate over pro-pot Facebook comments|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 10, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* September 10, 2015: [[Peace River—Westlock]] candidate Chris Brown apologized for offensive tweets he made in December 2009, during a bout of alcoholism after the death of his wife.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-liberals-social-media-candidates-1.3222690|title=Liberal candidate Chris Brown apologizes for offensive booze-fuelled tweets|author=Kathleen Harris|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 10, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* September 16, 2015: [[Sturgeon River—Parkland]] candidate Chris Austin had his candidacy removed because of views that "are irreconcilable with the values" of the Liberals, including saying [[Stephen Harper]] "has turned our Nation's Capital into a War Zone as his thirst for War" in the aftermath of the [[2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa|Parliament Hill shootings]], and suggesting that the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police|RCMP]] are the "Canadian [[Gestapo]]"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-chris-austin-sturgeon-river-parkland-nomination-1.3230350|title=Chris Austin, Liberal candidate, pulled for views 'irreconcilable' with party values|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 16, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* September 28, 2015: [[Cowichan—Malahat—Langford]] candidate Maria Manna resigned her candidacy after Facebook comments surfaced questioning the events of the [[September 11 attacks]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-liberal-facebook-candidate-1.3243888|title=Liberal candidate says Facebook posts questioning 9/11 were her 'truth' at the time|author=Kathleen Harris|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 25, 2015|accessdate=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
* September 30, 2015: [[Victoria (electoral district)|Victoria]] candidate Cheryl Thomas resigned after past social media posts came to light, including referring to mosques as "brainwashing stations" and saying "the oppressed of the Warsaw ghettos and the concentration camps have become the oppressors." As the candidate deadline (September 28) had passed, her name will remain on the ballot.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/cheryl-thomas-liberal-candidate-resigns-1.3251338|title=Liberal candidate Cheryl Thomas resigns over Facebook comments|publisher=''[[CBC News]]''|date=September 30, 2015|accessdate=September 30, 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|BQ
|
* Late August 2015: [[Mégantic—L'Érable]] candidate Virginie Provost was embarrassed after a survey asking what she would need in the event of a nuclear attack was revealed. Her answer was that she would bring "her cellphone, a penis and chips."<ref name="CBC Gaffes" />
* September 19, 2015: [[Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-Sœurs]] candidate Chantal St-Onge apologized after sharing an anti-Islam [[Pegida]] post on Facebook.<ref name="CBC Gaffes" />
|}

== Election spending ==
Before the campaign, there were no limits to what a political party, candidate, or third party (corporations, unions, special interest groups, etc.) can spend: spending rules are only in force after the writs have been dropped and the campaign has begun. Because the election period is set longer than the standard 37-day election period, spending limits are increased in proportion to the length of the period.<ref name="elections.ca1">{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pol&document=index&dir=thi/limits&lang=e|title=Elections Canada Online – Third Party Election Advertising Expenses Limits|work=elections.ca|accessdate=August 3, 2015}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+ Party spending limits and actual spending, 2015 vs 2011
|-
!rowspan="3"| Type !! colspan="2" | Spending limits !! colspan="6" |2015!! colspan="6" |2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punditsguide.ca/parties.php?elec=26|title=Browse Parties – 2011 General Election|author=Alice Funke|work=punditsguide.ca|accessdate=August 3, 2015}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|rowspan="2"|'''2015'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pol&dir=limits&document=index&lang=e|title=Elections Canada Online – Expenses Limits|work=elections.ca|accessdate=August 3, 2015}}</ref> ||rowspan="2"|'''2011''' ||{{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} colspan="2" |'''Conservative'''||{{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} colspan="2" |'''NDP'''||{{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} colspan="2" |'''Liberal'''||{{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} colspan="2" |'''Conservative'''||{{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} colspan="2" |'''NDP'''||{{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} colspan="2" |'''Liberal'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
|'''Amount''' ||'''%''' ||'''Amount''' ||'''%''' ||'''Amount''' ||'''%''' ||'''Amount''' ||'''%''' ||'''Amount''' ||'''%''' ||'''Amount''' ||'''%'''
|- valign="top"
|style="text-align:left;"|Political party ||$54,475,840<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=part/pollim&document=index&lang=e|title=Elections Canada Online – Registered Political Party Preliminary Election Expenses Limit|work=elections.ca|accessdate=August 10, 2015}}</ref> ||$21,025,793 || || || || || || ||$19,519,995 ||93% ||$20,372,231 ||97% ||$19,507,746 ||93%
|- valign="top"
|style="text-align:left;"|Party candidates ||$73,611,590<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=cand/canlim&document=index&lang=e|title=Elections Canada Online – Preliminary Candidates Election Expenses Limits|work=elections.ca|accessdate=August 10, 2015}}</ref> ||$28,244,499 || || || || || || ||$19,655,136 ||70% ||$7,117,962 ||25% ||$14,517,363 ||41%
|- valign="top"
|style="text-align:left;"|Total ||$128,087,430 ||$49,270,292 || || || || || || ||$39,175,131 ||80% ||$27,490,193 ||56% ||$34,025,109 ||69%
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="3"|Candidates spending > 75% of limit
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|173
|colspan="2"|44
|colspan="2"|91
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="3"|Candidates spending > 50% of limit
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|228
|colspan="2"|70
|colspan="2"|169
|}

=== Reimbursements for political parties and candidates ===

Political parties receive a reimbursement for 50 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Similarly, electoral district associations receive a reimbursement of 60 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Both reimbursements are publicly funded.<ref name="elections.ca2">{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=ces&document=part6&lang=e|title=Elections Canada Online – The Electoral System of Canada|work=elections.ca|accessdate=August 3, 2015}}</ref>

=== Fundraising ===

Elections Canada reports that during the financial quarter preceding the writ period, the Conservatives received $7.4 million in contributions, the NDP received $4.5 million, and the Liberals received $4.0 million.<ref name="elections.ca">{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.ca/WPAPPS/WPF/EN/PP/SelectParties?act=C23&period=1&returntype=1|title=Financial Reports: Registered Party Financial Transactions Return|work=elections.ca}}</ref> The NDP had the most individual donors at 48,314, followed by the Conservatives at 45,532 and then the Liberals at 32,789.<ref name="elections.ca" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ipolitics.ca/2015/07/30/ndp-fundraising-up-conservatives-still-ahead/|title=NDP fundraising up, Conservatives still ahead|work=iPolitics}}</ref>

The New Democratic Party stated that it collected greater than $9 million in the third quarter of 2015, the most it ever received from donors, and greater than the quarterly record established by the Conservative Party in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-ndp-fundraising-record-1.3252990|title=NDP says $9M raised in 3rd quarter a Canadian record — for now|date=October 1, 2015|work=cbc.ca|accessdate=October 1, 2015}}</ref>

At the riding level, financial reports in each of the 338 constituencies showed that in Conservative electoral district associations ended 2014 with net assets totalling more than $19 million, Liberal riding associations reported a total of about $8 million in net assets, and NDP associations more than $4.4 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/riding-analysis-shows-spending-for-longer-campaign-favours-tory-candidates-1.3168680|title=Riding analysis shows spending for longer campaign favours Tory candidates|date=July 27, 2015|work=cbc.ca|accessdate=August 3, 2015}}</ref>

Individuals are able to give up to $1,500 to each political party and an additional $1,500 to all the registered associations, nomination contestants and candidates of each registered party combined.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pol&dir=lim/post2015&document=index&lang=e|title=Elections Canada Online – Contribution limits as of January 1, 2015|work=elections.ca|accessdate=August 3, 2015}}</ref>

=== Registered third parties ===
{{See also|Registered third parties (Canada)}}

A person or group must register as a third party immediately after incurring election advertising expenses totalling $500 or more.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pol&dir=thi/ec20227&document=p1&lang=e#a|title=Elections Canada Online – Election advertising handbook for Third Parties, Financial Agents and Auditors (EC 20227) – July 2015|work=elections.ca|accessdate=August 10, 2015}}</ref> There are strict limits on advertising expenses, and specific limits that can be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district. There are 11 registered third parties in the 2015 election.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Spending limits for registered third parties
|-
! 2015 !! 2011 !! Notes
|- valign="top"
| $439,411 <ref name="elections.ca3">{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=thi&dir=thilim&document=index&lang=e|title=Elections Canada Online – Limits on Election Advertising Expenses Incurred by Third Parties|work=elections.ca|accessdate=August 10, 2015}}</ref>|| $150,000 || Election advertising expenses limit. Of that amount, no more than $8,788 can be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district.<ref name="elections.ca3" />
|}

== Leaders' debates ==
{{See also|Canadian leaders' debates}}
Traditionally, party leaders participated in at least two nationally televised debates during the federal election – at least one each in [[Canadian English|English]] and [[Canadian French|French]]. These debates were produced by a consortium of Canada's major television networks.<ref name="theglobeandmail.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/broadcasters-fight-back-against-federal-leaders-debate-changes/article24442646/|title=Broadcasters fight back against federal leaders’ debate changes|work=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=May 28, 2015}}</ref> In May 2015, the Conservatives said they would not participate in the consortium debates and instead would take part in as many as five independently staged debates in the run-up to the fall federal election.<ref name="theglobeandmail.com" /> Ultimately, the Conservatives agreed to participate in a French-language debate organized by the consortium of broadcasters as one of their five debates.<ref name="NDP debates and 2nd consortium">{{cite news|last1=Payton|first1=Laura|title=Harper, Mulcair and Trudeau confirm participation in Munk Debates, 2nd French debate|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-ndp-debates-aug11-1.3186042|accessdate=August 12, 2015|work=CBC News|date=August 12, 2015}}</ref> The New Democratic Party confirmed that [[Tom Mulcair]] would accept every debate where the Prime Minister was present. The NDP had previously confirmed its intention to participate in both of the consortium debates before [[Stephen Harper]] withdrew<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-ndp-threatens-to-pull-out-of-broadcasters-debates-1.3175720|title=Canada election 2015: NDP threatens to pull out of broadcasters' debates|date=July 31, 2015|work=cbc.ca}}</ref><ref name="Consortium">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/election-debate-dates-set-by-broadcasters-without-conservatives-1.3145190|title=Election debate dates set by broadcasters without Conservatives|last=Payton|first=Laura|publisher=CBC News|date=July 9, 2015|accessdate=August 6, 2015}}</ref> but ultimately only participated in the French language consortium debate which included the Conservatives.<ref name="NDP debates and 2nd consortium" /> Liberal leader [[Justin Trudeau]] attended the ''Maclean's'', ''Globe and Mail'', and French consortium debates; and the Liberals confirmed he would attend the other debates.<ref name="Consortium" /><ref name="theglobeandmail.com1">{{cite news|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/conservatives-ndp-agree-to-globe-election-debate-on-economy/article24510188/|title=Conservatives, NDP agree to Globe election debate on economy|work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref><ref name="newswire.ca">{{cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1540825/federal-election-debate-announcement-first-ever-federal-election-debate-on-foreign-policy-proposed|title=Munk Debates – Federal Election Debate Announcement – First Ever Federal Election Debate on Foreign Policy Proposed|work=newswire.ca}}</ref><ref name="radio-canada.ca">{{cite web|url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/politique/2015/05/22/004-debats-electoraux-groupe-tva-accord-quatre-partis-federaux.shtml|title=Harper, Mulcair, Trudeau et Beaulieu croiseront le fer à TVA – ICI.Radio-Canada.ca|work=Radio-Canada.ca}}</ref><ref name="GAM04Aug15" /> The Bloc Québécois attended the French language consortium debate and confirmed its attendance at the French-language TVA debate. The Green Party attended the ''Maclean's'' and French language consortium debates, and confirmed its intention to participate in the English language consortium debate.<ref name="Consortium" /><ref name="radio-canada.ca" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/the-macleans-national-leaders-debate|title=A viewer's guide to the Maclean's National Leaders Debate|work=Macleans.ca}}</ref><ref name="global fr consortium debate">{{cite news|title=Agreement reached for televised French-language 2015 leaders debate|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/2160291/agreement-reached-for-televised-french-language-2015-leaders-debate/|accessdate=September 19, 2015|work=Global News|date=August 12, 2015}}</ref> [[Strength in Democracy]], which has the same number of seats in the House of Commons as the Greens and Bloc Québécois, were not invited to participate in any of the televised debates. The leaders of the party objected to their exclusion and launched a petition demanding that all parties represented in Parliament be invited to the debates.<ref>{{cite web|title=Strength in Democracy demands to be present in debates|url=http://www.forcesetdemocratie.org/en/293/strength-in-democracy-demands-to-be-present-in-debates/nouvelle.html|publisher=Strength in Democracy|accessdate=August 31, 2015|date=August 17, 2015}}</ref> Other minor parties without representation in the House of Commons were not invited to participate in any of the televised debates.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Completed televised debates
|-
! Subject !! Participants !! Date !! Organizer !! Location !! Notes
|-
| General || Conservatives; NDP; Liberals; Greens || {{nowrap|August 6}}<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |title=Maclean's Election Debate To Feature All 4 National Party Leaders |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/06/15/all-four-main-national-pa_n_7588460.html|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=June 21, 2015}}</ref> || {{nowrap|[[Rogers Media]],<ref name="thestar.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/05/12/conservatives-turn-down-traditional-tv-debates-for-leaders.html|title=Conservatives turn down traditional TV debates for leaders|date=May 12, 2015|work=thestar.com|accessdate=May 28, 2015}}</ref> (''[[Maclean's]]'', [[City (TV network)|City]])}} || [[Toronto]] || English language debate hosted by ''[[Maclean's]]'' magazine, moderated by political columnist [[Paul Wells]]. The debate included live translations into French, Italian, Mandarin, Cantonese and Punjabi. Aired live on [[City (TV network)|City]] stations (English), [[CPAC (TV channel)|CPAC]] (French), and [[Omni Television]] stations (all other languages); streamed live at the ''Maclean's'' website and all networks' websites, Facebook, and YouTube; and on [[Rogers Media]] news radio stations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-debate-list-aug6-1.3180139|title=
Federal leaders' debate: 5 things to watch for tonight
|publisher=[[CBC.ca]]|accessdate=August 6, 2015|date=August 6, 2015}}</ref>
|-
| Economy || Conservatives; Liberals;<ref name="theglobeandmail.com1" /><ref name="GAM04Aug15">{{cite news|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-mulcair-and-trudeau-confirm-globe-debate-attendance/article25820792/|title=Harper, Mulcair and Trudeau confirm Globe debate attendance|work=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=August 4, 2015}}</ref> NDP<ref name="NDP debates and 2nd consortium" /> || {{nowrap|September 17}}<ref name="GAM04Aug15" /> || {{nowrap|''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' and}} {{nowrap|[[Google]] Canada}}<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite news|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/conservatives-ndp-agree-to-globe-election-debate-on-economy/article24510188/|title=Conservatives, NDP agree to Globe election debate on economy|work=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=May 28, 2015}}</ref> || [[Calgary]] || English language debate on the Canadian economy hosted by ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', moderated by editor-in-chief David Walmsley The first half of the 90-minute debate covered five central themes on the economy: jobs, energy and the environment, infrastructure, housing and taxation. The second half consisted of follow-up questions and questions sent in by voters. Aired live nationwide on [[CPAC (TV channel)|CPAC]] in both official languages with an additional English feed in Ontario on [[CHCH-DT|CHCH]],<ref>"And the only place you can watch it on broadcast TV in Ontario is on CHCH." {{cite news|title=Leaders prepping for debate|url=http://www.chch.com/leaders-prepping-for-debate/|accessdate=September 26, 2015|work=CHCH|publisher=Channel Zero Inc.|date=September 17, 2015}}</ref> streamed live on ''The Globe and Mail''’s website, and distributed on [[YouTube]]. Uninvited Green Party leader Elizabeth May answered questions on [[Twitter]] live during the debate at an event in [[Victoria, British Columbia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Elizabeth May dominates debate on Twitter|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/election/green-party-leader-elizabeth-may-dominates-debate-on-twitter-1.2568799|accessdate=September 25, 2015|agency=CTV News}}</ref>
|-
| General || Conservatives; NDP; Liberals; Greens; Bloc Québécois<ref name="NDP debates and 2nd consortium" />|| September 24<ref name="NDP debates and 2nd consortium" /> || Consortium ([[CBC Television|CBC]]/{{nowrap|[[Ici Radio-Canada Télé|Radio-Canada]]}}, [[CTV Television Network|CTV]], [[Global Television Network|Global]], {{nowrap|[[Télé-Québec]]}}) and {{nowrap|''[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]''}} || [[Montreal]]|| French language debate organized by the consortium of broadcasters and the Montreal newspaper ''La Presse'', moderated by [[Ici RDI]] journalist Anne-Marie Dussault.<ref name="NDP debates and 2nd consortium" /><ref name="Consortium" /><ref name=natpost-frdebates>{{cite news|last1=O'Malley|first1=Kady|title=Here’s why you should watch the French leaders’ debate (even if you only speak English)|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-politics/heres-why-you-should-watch-the-french-leaders-debate-even-if-you-only-speak-english|accessdate=October 2, 2015|work=National Post|date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> The debate included live translation into English. Aired live in French on {{nowrap|[[Ici Radio-Canada Télé]]}} and {{nowrap|[[Télé-Québec]]}} stations, and participant networks' websites; and in English on [[CBC News Network]], [[CTV News Channel (Canada)|CTV News Channel]], and participant networks' websites.<ref name="global fr consortium debate" />
|-
| {{nowrap|Foreign Policy}} || Conservatives; NDP; Liberals<ref name="NDP debates and 2nd consortium" /> || {{nowrap|September 28}}<ref name="NDP debates and 2nd consortium" /> || Aurea Foundation<ref name="cbc.ca">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-election-2015-munk-debates-wins-bid-to-host-foreign-policy-face-off-1.3081976|title=Federal election 2015: Munk Debates wins bid to host foreign policy face-off|date=May 21, 2015|work=cbc.ca|accessdate=May 28, 2015}}</ref> and [[Facebook]] Canada<ref name=munk-debate-desc>{{cite web|title=Date Announced For First Ever Federal Election Debate on Foreign Policy|url=https://www.munkdebates.com/election-debate|website=Election Debate|publisher=Munk Debates|accessdate=August 31, 2015}}</ref>|| Toronto|| Bilingual<ref name="NDP debates and 2nd consortium" /> debate on Canada's foreign policy hosted as part of the foundation's regular [[Munk Debates]],<ref name="newswire.ca" /> moderated by [[Rudyard Griffiths]].<ref name="torstar munk debate">{{cite news|last1=Blanchfield|first1=Mike|title=Moderator asks Harper, Trudeau, Mulcair to skip talking points in upcoming foreign policy debate|url=http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/09/27/moderator-asks-harper-trudeau-mulcair-to-skip-talking-points-in-upcoming-foreign-policy-debate.html|accessdate=September 28, 2015|work=Toronto Star|date=September 27, 2015}}</ref> The debate consisted of six 12-minute segments, with two leaders debating for the first seven minutes and the third leader brought in to the debate for the final five.<ref name="torstar munk debate" /> Aired on [[CPAC (TV channel)|CPAC]] in both official languages with an additional English feed in Ontario on [[CHCH-DT|CHCH]],<ref>"CHCH … is the only over the air broadcaster running the next English language leaders debate live this coming Monday" {{cite news|title=Main party leaders are back on the campaign trail|url=http://www.chch.com/main-party-leaders-are-back-on-the-campaign-trail/|accessdate=September 26, 2015|work=CHCH News|publisher=Channel Zero Inc.|date=September 25, 2015}}</ref> streamed live on the Munk Debates website, and distributed on Facebook.<ref name=munk-debate-desc />
|-
| General || Conservatives; NDP; Liberals; Bloc Québécois;<ref name="TVA" />|| {{nowrap|October 2}}<ref name="TVA">{{cite web|url=http://ipolitics.ca/2015/06/03/tva-to-hold-french-language-leaders-debate-on-october-2/|title=TVA to hold French-language leaders’ debate on October 2|last=McRobie|first=Deane|date=June 3, 2015|accessdate=August 6, 2015}}</ref> || [[Quebecor Media]] ([[TVA (Canada)|TVA]]) || Montreal || French language debate organized by private broadcaster TVA, moderated by [[TVA Nouvelles]] anchor [[Pierre Bruneau (journalist)|Pierre Bruneau]]. The debate focused on three themes: the economy, national security and Canada’s place in the world, and social policies; the format consisted of six rounds rounds of four-minute debate between two leaders, with an open debate section at the end of each theme.<ref name="torstar tva debate">{{cite news|last1=Kestler-D’Amours|first1=Jillian|title=Leaders prepare for last debate before federal election|url=http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/10/02/leaders-prepare-for-last-debate-before-federal-election.html|accessdate=October 2, 2015|work=Toronto Star|date=October 2, 2015}}</ref> Aired live in French on [[TVA (Canada)|TVA]] stations, [[Le Canal Nouvelles]], and streamed on the [[TVA Nouvelles]] website;<ref name="torstar tva debate" /> Aired with [[simultaneous interpretation]] to English on [[CPAC (TV channel)|CPAC]].<ref name="kady tva debate">{{cite news|last1=O'Malley|first1=Kady|title=@Kady: Here's what you need to know about tomorrow's French debate|url=http://ottawacitizen.com/storyline/kady-heres-what-you-need-to-know-about-tomorrows-french-debate|accessdate=October 2, 2015|work=Ottawa Citizen|date=October 1, 2015}}</ref>
|}

== Endorsements ==
{{Main|Newspaper endorsements in the Canadian federal election, 2015|Endorsements from individuals and organizations in the 2015 Canadian federal election}}

== Results ==
{{main|Canadian federal election, 2015 result}}

[[File:CanadianFederalElection2015PollingStation.jpg|thumb|A polling station on election day.]]

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:right;"
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!colspan=3|Votes
!Seats
|-
{{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|row-name}}
|6,930,136
|{{percentage bar|39.5|c=lightcoral|width=250}}
|{{increase}} 20.6%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{Composition bar|184|338|hex=lightcoral|width=300|per=1}}
|-
{{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|row-name}}
|5,600,496
|{{percentage bar|31.9|c=cornflowerblue|width=250}}
|{{decrease}} 7.7%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{Composition bar|99|338|hex=cornflowerblue|width=300|per=1}}
|-
{{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|row-name}}
|3,461,262
|{{percentage bar|19.7|c=sandybrown|width=250}}
|{{decrease}} 10.9%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{Composition bar|44|338|hex=sandybrown|width=300|per=1}}
|-
{{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|row-name}}
|818,652
|{{percentage bar|4.7|c=lightskyblue|width=250}}
|{{decrease}} 1.2%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{Composition bar|10|338|hex=lightskyblue|width=300|per=1}}
|-
{{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|row-name}}
|605,864
|{{percentage bar|3.4|hex=99C955|width=250}}
|{{decrease}} 0.5%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{Composition bar|1|338|#99C955|width=300|per=1}}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+ Elections to the 42nd Parliament of Canada – seats won/lost by party, 2011–2015
|-
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Party
!rowspan="2"|2011 (redist.)
!colspan="5"|Gain from (loss to)
!rowspan="2"|2015
|-
! {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} |Lib
! {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} |Con
! {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} |NDP
! {{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|background}} |BQ
! {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|background}} |Grn
|-
{{Canadian party colour/Temporary|CA|Liberal|row-name}}
|36 || ||96 ||51 ||1 || ||184
|-
{{Canadian party colour/Temporary|CA|Conservative|row-name}}
|188 ||(96) || ||(3) || || ||99
|-
{{Canadian party colour/Temporary|CA|NDP|row-name}}
|109 ||(51) ||3 || ||(7) || ||44
|-
{{Canadian party colour/Temporary|CA|BQ|row-name}}
|4 ||(1) || ||7 || || ||10
|-
{{Canadian party colour/Temporary|CA|Green|row-name}}
|1 || || || || || ||1
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total''' ||338 ||(148) ||99 ||55 ||(6) || ||338
|}

===Reactions===
* {{flag|China}}: Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman [[Hua Chunying]] expressed hope on building on existing relations between the two countries, stating "a sustainable and steady development of [[Canada–China relations|China-Canada relations]]" will benefit both countries.<ref name="TorStar congratulations">{{cite news|last1=Panetta|first1=Alexander|title=World leaders congratulate Justin Trudeau on his win|url=http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/10/20/world-leaders-congratulate-justin-trudeau-on-his-win.html|accessdate=23 October 2015|work=Toronto Star|date=20 October 2015}}</ref>
* {{flag|India}}: Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] congratulated Trudeau by telephone where he reminisced about meeting Trudeau's family, expressed hope for further improvement of [[Canada–India relations]], and invited Trudeau to visit India.<ref>{{cite web|title=PM Modi speaks to Mr. Trudeau - invites him to visit India|url=http://www.hciottawa.ca/press_detail.php?nid=61|website=News and Events|publisher=High Commission of India, Ottawa|accessdate=23 October 2015|date=21 October 2015}}</ref>
* {{flag|Iran}}: Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman [[Marzieh Afkham]] told ''[[Press TV]]'' that the election is a "reflection and result of the will and resolve of the Canadian people to distance themselves from the extremist policies. The Islamic Republic respects the vote and choice of the Canadian people."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presstv.com/Detail/2015/10/20/434245/Iran-Canada-Afkham-Trudeau-|title=Polls results show Canadians opposed to extremism: Foreign Ministry|publisher=[[Press TV]]|date=October 20, 2015|accessdate=October 20, 2015}}</ref>
* {{flag|Italy}}: Prime Minister [[Matteo Renzi]] sent Trudeau a Twitter message wishing him luck and saying that he looked forward to them meeting at the [[2015 G-20 Antalya summit]].<ref name="TorStar congratulations" />
* {{flag|Mexico}}: President [[Enrique Peña Nieto]] congratulated Trudeau by telephone and tweeted that "Canada and Mexico have the opportunity to start a new chapter in their relationship." <ref name="TorStar congratulations" />
* {{flag|United States}}: President [[Barack Obama]] congratulated Trudeau on the result in a telephone call where the two discussed [[Canada–United States relations]], the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]], and the upcoming [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference|climate change conference in Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Readout of the President’s Call with Prime Minister-Designate Justin Trudeau of Canada|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/10/20/readout-presidents-call-prime-minister-designate-justin-trudeau-canada|website=Briefing Room|publisher=The White House|accessdate=23 October 2015}}</ref> Trudeau told him that though Canada remains "a strong member of the coalition against [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIL]]" he would stick to a campaign promise of withdrawing Canadian aircraft from the [[American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)|United States-led intervention in Iraq]]. It also followed a parliamentary rejection of expansion of strikes into Syria (which the Liberals opposed).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2015/10/21/434297/Canada-Trudeau-jets-Syria-Iraq-|title=PressTV-Canada withdrawing jets from Iraq, Syria|work=presstv.com|accessdate=October 21, 2015}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Canadian politics}}
*[[Fixed election dates in Canada]]
*[[List of Canadian federal general elections]]
*[[List of political parties in Canada]]
*[[Results by riding of the Canadian federal election, 2015]]
*[[Bloc Québécois leadership election, 2011]]
*[[New Democratic Party leadership election, 2012]]
*[[Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, 2013]]
*[[Bloc Québécois leadership election, 2014]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.elections.ca/ Elections Canada]

{{DEFAULTSORT:42nd Canadian Federal Election}}
[[Category:Canadian federal election, 2015|*]]
[[Category:Canadian federal elections by number]]